Sepsis in turn can lead to septic shock, in which blood pressure drops and the functioning of major organs shuts down. Septicemia, or infection of the bloodstream, can lead to sepsis, an extreme inflammatory response to infection. SepticemiaĬellulitis that goes untreated “can go inside of the body, spread to the bloodstream and become life-threatening, though that is very uncommon,” says Kaminska. ![]() ( 9)Įven in the absence of cellulitis, the perianal skin can be the source for the strep bacteria if a child experiences repeated bouts of strep throat or streptococcal skin infections. Treatments include oral antibiotics such as penicillin and topical antibiotics such as mupirocin (Bactroban). Symptoms include fever, pain, itching, redness around the anus, or blood in bowel movements. ![]() ![]() The infection can be a result of strep throat, the common cold, or streptococcal skin infection (impetigo). Usually occurring in children, this form of cellulitis affects the anus and rectum. Surgery may also be needed to drain an abscess or relieve pressure around the eye. “With periorbital cellulitis, the treatment is oral antibiotics, but people with orbital cellulitis need IV antibiotics,” says Kaminska. That condition involves the skin around the eye and eyelids, and presents as swelling, redness, and discharge from the eye. Orbital cellulitis should not be confused with the less serious condition of periorbital (or preseptal) cellulitis, Kaminska says. In children orbital cellulitis can be caused by a sinus infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae, a type of bacteria that causes a variety of types of infections, most commonly in babies and children. “It can limit eye movement, cause bulging of the eye, pain, and loss of vision.”ĭiscolored eyelids and fever are other symptoms, and left untreated, it can also lead to septicemia (bacteria in the bloodstream, also called bacteremia), cavernous sinus thrombosis (a blood clot in the cavernous sinus, a cavity in the brain), hearing loss, meningitis, and blindness. Orbital cellulitis involves the fat and muscle around the eye, affecting the eyelids, eyebrows, and cheeks. If the bacteria causing cellulitis is indeed MRSA, she says, “You would need to use drugs that cover MRSA, such as trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin or doxycycline or if admitted to the hospital, vancomycin is the main drug that we use.” Orbital Cellulitis Rachel Bystritsky, MD, an infectious disease specialist and assistant professor of medicine at the University of California in San Francisco, says MRSA can be a concern “particularly for cellulitis that involves an abscess or pus or if there are other risk factors like injection drug use.” The rise in incidents may be partially attributable to a contemporaneous rise in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) infections, which are resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections. In the United States, hospitalizations for cellulitis nearly doubled between 19, to approximately 537,000. The treatment is surgical removal of dead tissue and administration of intravenous antibiotics.Public health experts believe group A streptococcus (group A strep) bacteria are the most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis. “Sometimes the infection can go into the deeper layers of the tissue and it can cause necrotizing fasciitis, which is an extreme emergency,” says Kaminska.Īlso known as “flesh-eating disease,” the condition is caused by a rapidly spreading bacterial infection of the fascia (connective tissue) and surrounding soft tissue, causing the tissue to die and possibly leading to the loss of limbs or even death. In extreme cases of gangrene, an amputation may be required. Treatment may include surgery to remove dead tissue, intravenous antibiotics to treat the infection, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy to increase the amount of oxygen in your blood and slow the growth of bacteria that grows best in the absence of oxygen. Gangrene caused by or accompanied by infection is a medical emergency, and you should seek help for it immediately. The affected site may turn black or blue, discharge pus, hurt, or feel numb. This can happen for a number of reasons, including infection. ![]() Gangrene is dead or dying tissue, and it happens when the blood supply to the tissue is lost. They cut the skin to release that pocket and drain all of the pus out.” Gangrene “If cellulitis is complicated by an abscess, the treatment of course is surgery, which involves an incision and drainage. “Sometimes the bacteria collect beneath the skin and fill up a pocket with yellow pus, which we call ‘purulent.’ The drainage can be smelly,” says Kaminska. While cellulitis is usually simple to treat, in rare cases, complications can occur. What Are the Complications of Cellulitis?
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